For certain electron configurations certain coordination numbers are preferred because these coordination numbers stabilize electron energies. In addition, the electron configuration of the metal ion plays a role. The larger the metal ion, the more ligands fit around it, and the coordination number increases. With regard to the metal ion, the size of the metal ion plays an important role. Generally, the bulkier the ligand the smaller than coordination number. The shape and the size of a ligand greatly influences the coordination number. What are the main factors that are associated with the coordination number? Some of them are associated with the metal ion, and some of them are associated with the ligands. The coordination number is the number of points of attachment between the ligands and the metal You can link to this page, using the code below: Shortages of manganese cause glucose intolerance, skeleton disorders, skin problems, and birth defects. A syndrome caused by the element has symptoms like headaches, weak muscles, dullness, insomnia, and schizophrenia. Manganese poisoning can cause bronchitis, lung embolism, Parkinson, and impotency. Symptoms include nerve damage, forgetfulness, and hallucinations. The side effects of manganese poisoning occur mostly in the brain and the respiratory tract. Mammals have up to 3 ppm and fish up to 5 ppm in their tissues. Sponges, mollusks, diatoms, and other organisms accumulate manganese. Other mining sites are found in Mexico, Kazakhstan, and Ghana. The estimated reserves of manganese are over 3 billion tonnes, and the major mining sites are in Australia, Ukraine, Gabon, Georgia, Russia, and South Africa. The element occurs as rhodochrosite and pyrolusite. Manganese is among the most abundant metals found in soils, occurring in the form of hydroxides and oxides. The use of the alloy aims to duplicate the properties of the nickel/ copper alloy. Since 2000, Presidential $1 coins, the Sacagawea dollar, and other dollar coins have been produced from brass and contain 5 percent manganese. The resulting alloy was made of 9 percent manganese, 35 percent silver, and 56 percent copper. Due to shortage of nickel, manganese and silver substituted it during the war. Traditionally, an alloy of 25 percent nickel and 75 percent copper was used to produce nickel coins. The wartime nickel is the only US coin to contain manganese until 2000. In addition, manganese is used to produce coins. Manganese dioxide is also used to produce chlorine and oxygen, and in drying black paints. Manganese dioxide or manganese (IV) oxide has application in organic chemistry and is used to oxidize benzylic alcohols. The latter is used in ceramics and fertilizers, and the former goes into various manganese compounds. Manganese carbonate and manganese oxide also have applications. Potassium permanganate is used as a disinfectant, and it is a powerful oxidizer. Manganese is also used to produce violet colored class and to decolorize glass, with manganese dioxide being used as a catalyst. In addition, manganese is a major element of some widely used alloys of aluminum and is employed in stainless steel formulation. Steel production accounts for 85 percent to 90 percent of the total demand. This element is essential to steel and iron production. Magnesium also has 3 meta states (nuclear isomers). The half-life of its other radioisotopes is less than 3 hours. The half-life of magnesium-55 is 3.7 million years. Scientists have characterized 18 radioisotopes of magnesium, and magnesium-55, magnesium-53, and magnesium-54 are the most stable of them. In 1774, Johan Gottlieb Gahn reduced manganese dioxide with carbon and isolated an impure manganese sample. He was aware that this mineral contained an unknown element but was unable to isolate it. In the 18th century, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a Swedish chemist, used one of them, pyrolusite to produce chlorine. The element is named for different minerals found in the Greek region Magnesia. The ions of manganese and the metal itself are paramagnetic. Manganese is difficult to fuse and very brittle, but it is easy to oxidize. It is a silvery-gray in color and resembles iron. Manganese (atomic number 25, symbol Mn) is a chemical element found in many minerals and as a free element in nature.
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